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Leucochloridium paradoxum
''Leucochloridium paradoxum'', common name green-banded broodsac, is a parasitic flatworm (or "helminth") that uses gastropods as an intermediate host. It is typically found in ''Succinea'' that live in Europe and North America where it infects the host’s eyes making them appear as caterpillars that other birds prey on. Various birds consume these infected gastropods, becoming the definitive host for ''L. paradoxum'' to mature and release eggs in the rectum that are later found in the feces of the bird host.
== Morphology ==
It is hard to distinguish ''Leucochloridium'' species from one another due to their similarities in appearances as adults. Many of them lack a hard structure and have a variety of ranges in sizes. The most common way to differentiate between ''Leucochloridium'' species is by looking at the broodsacs and banding patterns. ''L. paradoxum'' typically exhibits broodsacs that have green bands with dark brown and black spots.〔 During development, the parasite has different sizes and shapes. ''L. paradoxum'' eggs are known to be brown colored and exhibit an oval shape. The miracidia during the first stage of development is clear and elongated. Once the miracidia transform into sporocysts, they appear as broodsacs that infect the snail hosts in their eyes and begin to pulsate green, yellow, and red. The sporocysts turn into cercaria (juveniles) that have a tail along with a digestive tract that is lined with an excretory bladder that extends into the tail. The tail of a cercaria has finfolds on the top and bottom and setae on the sides. Cercaria also has two eyespots. At the end of the cycle, the adults appear as worms that have spines and are dorsally flattened with suckers in order to attach to the definitive host.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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